ASTM E1935-1997(2008) 校准和测量计算机断层摄影密度的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforCalibratingandMeausringCTDensity
【原文标准名称】:校准和测量计算机断层摄影密度的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME1935-1997(2008)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:1997
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E07.01
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:computedtomography;contrastsensitivity;CTdensityresolution;densitycalibration;linearattenuationcoefficient;massattenuationcoefficient;Computedtomography(CT);Contrastmanipulation/sensitivity;CTdensityresolution;Linearattenuatio
【摘要】:ThistestmethodallowsspecificationofthedensitycalibrationprocedurestobeusedtocalibrateandperformmaterialdensitymeasurementsusingCTimagedata.Suchmeasurementscanbeusedtoevaluateparts,characterizeaparticularsystem,orcomparedifferentsystems,providedthatobservedvariationsaredominatedbytruechangesinobjectdensityratherthanbyimageartifacts.ThespecifiedproceduremayalsobeusedtodeterminetheeffectiveX-rayenergyofaCTsystem.TherecommendedtestmethodismoreaccurateandlesssusceptibletoerrorsthanalternativeCT-basedapproaches,becauseittakesintoaccounttheeffectiveenergyoftheCTsystemandtheenergy-dependenteffectsoftheX-rayattenuationprocess.This(orany)testmethodformeasuringdensityisvalidonlytotheextentthatobservedCT-numbervariationsarereflectiveoftruechangesinobjectdensityratherthanimageartifacts.Artifactsarealwayspresentatsomelevelandcanmasqueradeasdensityvariations.Beamhardeningartifactsareparticularlydetrimental.Itistheresponsibilityoftheusertodetermineorestablish,orboth,thevalidityofthedensitymeasurements;thatis,theyareperformedinregionsoftheimagewhicharenotoverlyinfluencedbyartifacts.Linearattenuationandmassattenuationmaybemeasuredinvariousways.Foradiscussionofattenuationandattenuationmeasurement,seeGuideE1441andPracticeE1570.FIG.1DensityCalibrationPhantom1.1ThistestmethodcoversinstructionfordeterminingthedensitycalibrationofX-andx03B3;-raycomputedtomography(CT)systemsandforusingthisinformationtomeasurematerialdensitiesfromCTimages.ThecalibrationisbasedonanexaminationoftheCTimageofadiskofmaterialwithembeddedspecimensofknowncompositionanddensity.ThemeasuredmeanCTvaluesoftheknownstandardsaredeterminedfromananalysisoftheimage,andtheirlinearattenuationcoefficientsaredeterminedbymultiplyingtheirmeasuredphysicaldensitybytheirpublishedmassattenuationcoefficient.Thedensitycalibrationisperformedbyapplyingalinearregressiontothedata.Oncecalibrated,thelinearattenuationcoefficientofanunknownfeatureinanimagecanbemeasuredfromadeterminationofitsmeanCTvalue.Itsdensitycanthenbeextractedfromaknowledgeofitsmassattenuationcoefficient,oronerepresentativeofthefeature.1.2CTprovidesanexcellentmethodofnondestructivelymeasuringdensityvariations,whichwouldbeverydifficulttoquantifyotherwise.Densityisinherentlyavolumetricpropertyofmatter.Asthemeasurementvolumeshrinks,localmaterialinhomogeneitiesbecomemoreimportant;andmeasuredvalueswillbegintovaryaboutthebulkdensityvalueofthematerial.1.3AllvaluesarestatedinSIunits.1.4Thisstandarddoesnotpurporttoaddressthesafetyconcerns,ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthisstandardtoestablishappropriatesafetyandhealthpracticesanddeterminetheapplicabilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.
【中国标准分类号】:C43
【国际标准分类号】:35_240_80
【页数】:5P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


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【英文标准名称】:Specificationforbindingandidentificationsleevesforuseonelectriccablesandwires
【原文标准名称】:电缆和电线用捆扎和识别套管规范
【标准号】:BS3858-1992
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1992-10-15
【实施或试行日期】:1992-10-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:挤压;硅酮橡胶;颜色;耐化学性试验;固体绝缘材料;热试验;丁腈橡胶;作标记;包装;等级(质量);氯丁橡胶;尺寸测量;挠性管;拉伸永久变形;色牢度试验;工作环境;电绝缘材料;臭氧;试样制备;聚氯乙烯;数字标志;弯曲试验;色码;沾污试验;直径;机械试验;绝缘电缆;绝缘电缆;柔性材料;色牢度;图形显示字符;温度;试验条件;性能;绝缘线;识别方法;厚度;电气试验;尺寸
【英文主题词】:Bendtesting;Chemical-resistancetests;Chloroprenerubber;Colour;Colourcodes;Colourfastness;Colour-fastnesstests;Diameter;Dimensionalmeasurement;Dimensions;Electricalinsulatingmaterials;Electricaltesting;Environment(working);Extruding;Flexiblematerials;Flexibletubing;Grades(quality);Graphiccharacters;Identificationmethods;Insulatedcables;Insulatedwires;Marking;Mechanicaltesting;Nitrilerubber;Numericaldesignations;Ozone;Packaging;Performance;Polyvinylchloride;Siliconerubber;Solidelectricalinsulatingmaterials;Specimenpreparation;Staintests;Temperature;Tensionset;Testingconditions;Thermaltesting;Thickness
【摘要】:ThisBritishStandardspecifiesrequirementsandtestsforbindingandidentificationsleevesintendedforuseonelectriccablesandinsulatedwires.NOTE.ThesesleevesarenotforuseasprimaryinsulationThestandardappliestosleevesofthefollowingtypes:a)type1sleevesarepolychloropreneandsuitablefortemperaturerangesof-65℃to70℃;b)type3sleevesarepoly(vinylchloride)(PVC)andsuitablefortemperaturerangesof-65℃to70℃;c)type4sleevesarePVC/nitrileandsuitablefortemperaturerangesof-65℃to70℃;d)type5sleevesaresiliconeandsuitablefortemperaturerangesof-65℃to150℃.
【中国标准分类号】:K13
【国际标准分类号】:29_035_01
【页数】:16P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Testingofmaterialsforsemiconductortechnology-Contactlessdeterminationoftheelectricalsheetresistanceofsemiconductorlayerswiththeeddy-currentmethod
【原文标准名称】:半导体工艺材料的检验.用涡流法无接点测量半导体层的表面电阻
【标准号】:DIN50447-1995
【标准状态】:作废
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1995-04
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DE-DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:涡流法;校正;电气试验;半导体工艺;试验;无损检验;定义;半导体器件;测量;半导体片;面积;半导体;材料;电学测量;涡流试验;电阻;半导体工程;材料试验
【英文主题词】:Area;Calibration;Definition;Definitions;Eddy-currentmethods;Eddy-currenttests;Electricalmeasurement;Electricalresistance;Electricaltesting;Materials;Materialstesting;Measurement;Non-destructivetesting;Semiconductordevices;Semiconductorengineering;Semiconductorslices;Semiconductortechnology;Semiconductors;Testing
【摘要】:
【中国标准分类号】:H82
【国际标准分类号】:29_045
【页数】:2P;A4
【正文语种】:德语